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is a ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada relating to Canada's laws relating to sex work.〔〔 The applicants, Terri-Jean Bedford, Amy Lebovitch and Valerie Scott, argued that Canada's prostitution laws were unconstitutional.〔 The ''Criminal Code'' includes a number of provisions, such as outlawing public communication for the purposes of prostitution, operating a bawdy house or living off of the avails of prostitution, even though prostitution itself is legal. The applicants argued that the laws deprive sex workers of their right to security by forcing them to work secretly.〔 In 2012, the Court of Appeal for Ontario ruled that some, but not all, of these prohibitions violated the ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' and were unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in a 9-0 decision on December 20, 2013 that all of these laws are unconstitutional; although, it delayed the striking down of the laws by one year to allow Parliament to update the laws in accordance with the ruling. The term "sex work" is used interchangeably with "prostitution" in this article, in accordance with the World Health Organisation (WHO 2001; WHO 2005) and the United Nations (UN 2006; UNAIDS 2002). ==Background== While prostitution is legal in Canada, most activities related to prostitution are illegal. Prohibitions at the time the ''Bedford'' case was initiated included: : * operating common bawdy-houses.〔(''Criminal Code'', RSC 1985, c C-46, s 210. )〕 This prevented prostitutes from offering their services out of fixed indoor locations such as brothels, or even their own homes. : * living on the avails of prostitution.〔(''Criminal Code'', RSC 1985, c C-46, s 212(1)(j) ); since repealed, SC 2014, c 25, s 13.〕 This prevented anyone, including but not limited to pimps, from profiting from another’s prostitution. : * communicating for the purpose of prostitution in public.〔(''Criminal Code'', RSC 1985, c C-46, s 213(1)(c). )〕 This prevented prostitutes from offering their services in public, and particularly on the streets. Many of these prohibitions were found constitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada in 1990 in the ''Prostitution Reference''. In 2007, court proceedings began in Ontario to re-challenge the constitutionality of these prohibitions, on the basis that it created significant harm to prostitutes and other sex workers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canada (AG) v Bedford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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